Chem. Senses 26: 1145-1156,
2001
© Oxford University Press 2001
Whole-cell Response Characteristics of Ciliated and Microvillous Olfactory Receptor Neurons to Amino Acids, Pheromone Candidates and Urine in Rainbow Trout
Animal Behavior and Intelligence, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan 1 Current address: Fisheries, Neuroscience and Ecology Graduate Programs, University of Minnesota, 200 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108-6124, USA
Correspondence to be sent to: Noriyo Suzuki, Animal Behavior and Intelligence, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. e-mail: suzuki{at}sci.hokudai.ac.jp
Olfactory lamellae of teleosts contain two morphologically different types
of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs): ciliated ORNs (cORNs) and microvillous
ORNs (mORNs). However, little is known about the functional difference between
these two types of ORNs in fish olfaction. We isolated cORNs and mORNs using a
Ca2+-free solution method from olfactory organs of the rainbow
trout and examined their response characteristics to various odorants
including fish pheromone candidates by whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques.
Quadruple mixture of amino acids, single amino acids, steroids (analogues of
DHP; 17
, 20ß-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and ECG;
etiocholan-3-ol-17-one glucuronide), prostaglandins (PGFs) and urine
samples collected from immature and mature female fish were applied focally to
olfactory cilia or microvilli using a multi-barreled stimulation pipette with
a pressure ejection system. Inward current responses to odorants were recorded
from both cORNs and mORNs at a holding potential of -60 mV. cORNs responded to
the amino acid mixture, single amino acids, urine samples and ECG, whereas
mORNs responded specifically either to the amino acid mixture or single amino
acids. The response profiles of both cORNs and mORNs to various odorants
varied widely. None of cORNs and mORNs responded to fish pheromone candidates,
PGFs and DHPs. Androgen treatment of immature fish did not influence olfactory
sensitivity of both cORNs and mORNs to the amino acid mixture and both urine
samples. Amino acid and bile acid analyses by HPLC showed that both urine
samples contained 35 amino acids (1-40 mM) and trace amounts of taurocholic
acid and glycoursodeoxycholic acid. Our results suggest that cORNs are
`generalists' that respond to a wide variety of odorants, including
pheromones, whereas mORNs are `specialists', specific to amino acids, and also
suggest that PGFs and DHPs are not pheromones for the rainbow trout.
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