Chem. Senses 27: 245-260,
2002
© Oxford University Press 2002
Axon Navigation in the Mammalian Primary Olfactory Pathway
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1 Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia 2 Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
Correspondence to be sent to: Brian Key, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia. e-mail: brian.key{at}uq.edu.qu
The process of establishing long-range neuronal connections can be divided into at least three discrete steps. First, axons need to be stimulated to grow and this growth must be towards appropriate targets. Second, after arriving at their target, axons need to be directed to their topographically appropriate position and in some cases, such as in cortical structures, they must grow radially to reach the correct laminar layer. Third, axons then arborize and form synaptic connections with only a defined subpopulation of potential post-synaptic partners. Attempts to understand these mechanisms in the visual system have been ongoing since pioneer studies in the 1940s highlighted the specificity of neuronal connections in the retino-tectal pathway. These classical systems-based approaches culminated in the 1990s with the discovery that Eph—ephrin repulsive interactions were involved in topographical mapping. In marked contrast, it was the cloning of the odorant receptor family that quickly led to a better understanding of axon targeting in the olfactory system. The last 10 years have seen the olfactory pathway rise in prominence as a model system for axon guidance. Once considered to be experimentally intractable, it is now providing a wealth of information on all aspects of axon guidance and targeting with implications not only for our understanding of these mechanisms in the olfactory system but also in other regions of the nervous system.
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