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Chem. Senses 28: 537-543, 2003
© Oxford University Press 2003

Evidence for Deficiencies in Perceptual and Semantic Olfactory Processes in Parkinson's Disease

Julie Hudry?, Stéphane Thobois1, Emmanuel Broussolle1, Patrice Adeleine2 and Jean-Pierre Royet?

? Neuroscience and Sensory Systems, Claude-Bernard University (UMR CNRS 5020), 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon 1 Department of Neurology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon, France 2 Biostatistics Service, Medical Computing Laboratory, 69003 Lyon, France

Correspondence to be sent to: J.P. Royet, Neuroscience and Sensory Systems (UMR CNRS 5020), Claude-Bernard University Lyon 1, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France. e-mail: royet{at}olfac.univ-lyon1.fr

Olfactory deficits have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) and are thought to represent a sensitive marker of the disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the differential contribution in olfactory dysfunction of perceptual and semantic processes of odours in PD patients. Twenty-four PD patients (12 males and 12 females) and 24 control subjects (12 males and 12 females) were tested. The experiment included two sessions. Initially, 12 odorants were delivered, one per minute. For each odour, subjects were asked to rate intensity, pleasantness, familiarity and edibility using linear rating scales. The odorants were again presented and the subjects were asked to identify them. The four olfactory judgements and odour identification were severely disturbed in PD patients when compared to control subjects. These findings demonstrate major deficits for all cognitive tasks of olfactory judgement in PD, and suggest that PD is associated with disruption of olfactory areas situated in the temporal lobes and also in the prefrontal cortex.

Key words: olfaction, Parkinson's disease, perceptual and semantic processes


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