Chem. Senses 28: 565-572,
2003
© Oxford University Press 2003
Activation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus by ‘Green Odor’: A Positron Emission Tomography Study in the Monkey
1 Department of Oral Physiology 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 3 BF Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-0873 4 Department of Psychology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526 5 Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585 6 Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Shizuoka 434-8061 7 Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cardio-Vascular Center, Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-0873 8 Soda Aromatic Co., Ltd, Soda Bldg, 4-15-9 Nihonbashi Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023 9 Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
Correspondence to be sent to: Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. e-mail: yywata{at}med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
The equivalent mixture of cis-3-hexenol and trans-2-hexenal (hexenol/hexenal), ‘green odor’, is known to have a healing effect on the psychological damage caused by stress. Behavioral studies in humans and monkeys have revealed that hexenol/hexenal prevents the prolongation of reaction time caused by fatigue. In the present study, we investigated which brain regions are activated by the odor of hexenol/hexenal using positron emission tomography with alert monkeys. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the prepyriform area (the primary olfactory cortex) was commonly increased by the passive application of odor: acetic acid, isoamylacetate or hexenol/hexenal. We observed rCBF increases in the orbitofrontal cortex (the secondary olfactory cortex) by these olfactory stimuli in two of three monkeys, and found no predominance of laterality of the activated hemisphere. Furthermore, rCBF increase in the cerebellum was observed in two of three monkeys, and the odor of acetic acid increased rCBF in the substantia innominata in all monkeys. In addition to these olfactory related regions, the anterior cingulate gyrus was activated by the odor of hexenol/hexenal. These findings suggest that the increase of rCBF in the anterior cingulate gyrus by the odor of hexenol/hexenal may contribute the healing effects of this mixture observed in the monkey.
Key words: laterality, olfaction, PET, primate
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