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Chem. Senses 28: 621-629, 2003
© Oxford University Press 2003

Gene Expression for Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes in Human Nasal Mucosa

Alice S. Tarun1, Bruce Bryant2, Wenwu Zhai1, Colin Solomon1 and Dennis Shusterman1

1 University of California, San Francisco, Medicine, San Francisco, CA 2 Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Correspondence to be sent to Dennis Shusterman, University of California, San Francisco, Medicine, San Francisco, CA. e-mail: dennis{at}itsa.ucsf.edu

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is physiologically important in the reversible hydration reaction of CO2; it is expressed in a number of isoforms (CA I–XIV) with varying degrees of enzymatic activity. In nasal chemesthesis, CA inhibition decreases the electrophysiologic response to CO2, a common irritant test compound. CA enzymatic activity has been demonstrated in the human nasal mucosa using enzyme histochemical methods, but no systematic study of nasal mucosal CA isoenzyme gene expression has been published. We examined CA gene expression in superficial nasal mucosal scrapings from 15 subjects (6 females; 6 allergic rhinitics; age range, 21–56 years). Both non-quantitative and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed using primers for each gene coding for the 11 catalytically active CA isoenzymes and the housekeeping gene GADPH. Amplification products of GADPH and 10 of the 11 CA genes were detected in the specimens (CA VA was not detected). Relative expression of the CA genes was quantified using real-time PCR. Averaged across subjects, the relative abundance of the CA isoenzyme transcripts is as follows: CA XII > CA II > CA VB > CA IV > CA IX > CA III > CA XIV > CA I > CA VI > CA VII. Limited qualitative validation of gene expression was obtained by immunohistochemistry for CA I, CA II and CA IV. We also observed inter-individual variability in the expression of CA isoenzymes in human nasal mucosa, potentially contributing to differences in nasal chemosensitivity to CO2 between individuals

Key words: carbon dioxide, carbonic anhydrase, gene expression, nasal epithelium, nasal irritation, quantitative PCR


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