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Chem. Senses 29: 411-424, 2004
Chemical Senses Vol. 29 No. 5 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved

Characterization of Electro-olfactogram Oscillations and Their Computational Reconstruction

Noriyo Suzuki1, Masakazu Takahata1, Takayuki Shoji2 and Yuko Suzuki3

1 Animal Behavior and Intelligence, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan, 2 Department of Fisheries, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Shimizu 424-8610, Japan and 3 Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan

Correspondence to be sent to: Noriyo Suzuki, Animal Behavior and Intelligence, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060–0810, Japan. e-mail: suzuki{at}sci.hokudai.ac.jp

Electro-olfactogram (EOG) oscillations induced by odorant stimulation have been often reported in various vertebrates from fishes to mammals. However, the mechanism of generation of EOG oscillations remains unclear. In the present study, we first characterized the properties of EOG oscillations induced by amino acid odorants in the rainbow trout and then performed a computer simulation based on the main assumption that olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) have intrinsic oscillatory properties due to two types of voltage-gated ion channels, which have not yet been reported in vertebrate ORNs. EOG oscillations appeared mostly on the peak and decay phases of negative EOG responses, when odorant stimuli at high intensity flowed regularly anterior to posterior olfactory lamellae in the olfactory organ. The appearance of EOG oscillations was dependent on the odorant intensity but not on the flow rate. The maximum amplitude and the maximum power frequency of EOG oscillations were 3.51 ± 3.35 mV (mean ± SD, n = 232, range 0.12–16.79 mV) and 10.59 ± 5.05 Hz (mean ± SD, n = 232, range 3.51–40.03 Hz), respectively. The simulation represented sufficiently well the characteristics of EOG oscillations; occurrence at high odorant concentration, odorant concentration-dependent amplitude and the maximum power frequency range actually observed. Our results suggest that EOG oscillations are due to the intrinsic oscillatory properties of individual ORNs, which have two novel types of voltage-gated ion channels (resonant and amplifying channels). The simulation program for Macintosh (‘oscillation 3.2.4’ for MacOS 8.6 or later) is available on the world wide web (http://bio2.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/bio/chinou1/noriyo_home.html).

Key words: computer simulation, EOG, olfactory receptor neuron, oscillation, subthreshold oscillation, voltage-gated ion channel


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