Chemical Senses Advance Access originally published online on April 13, 2005
Chemical Senses 2005 30(5):393-400; doi:10.1093/chemse/bji034
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The Influence of Chemical Gustatory Stimuli and Oral Anaesthesia on Healthy Human Pharyngeal Swallowing
1 Manchester Medical School, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK and 2 Department of GI Sciences, Hope Hospital, Salford M6 8HD, UK
Correspondence to be sent to: Dr Shaheen Hamdy, Lecturer in GI Science, Clinical Sciences Building, Hope Hospital, Eccles Old Road, Salford M6 8HD, UK. e-mail: shaheen.hamdy{at}manchester.ac.uk
This study explored the effects of taste and oral anaesthesia on human sequential swallowing. Subjects were healthy adults (n = 42, mean age 28 years, 21 females), investigated by means of a water swallow test. Taste stimuli comprised quinine, glucose, citrus and saline solutions compared with neutral water. Oral anaesthesia comprised topical lidocaine at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg and compared with placebo. Data were collected on swallowing speed (volume per second), inter-swallow interval and swallowing capacity (volume per swallow). Compared with water, glucose, citrus and saline reduced swallowing speed (10.94 ± 0.89 versus 9.56 ± 0.79, 9.33 ± 1.19, 9.37 ± 0.92 ml/s respectively, P < 0.05). Inter-swallow interval was increased only by quinine and saline (1.47 ± 1.11 versus 2.13 ± 0.34 and 1.92 ± 0.31 s, P < 0.04). Swallowing capacity was only marginally increased by quinine (P = 0.0759). Compared with the placebo, only 40 mg of lidocaine altered swallowing, immediately reducing the swallowing speed (7.89 ± 2.34 versus 10.11 ± 3.26 ml/s, P < 0.05) and increasing inter-swallow interval (1.67 ± 0.38 versus 1.45 ± 0.29 s, P < 0.01) without affecting capacity. By 15 min all measures except sensory thresholds had returned to baseline values. Thus, swallowing function is highly influenced by chemosensory input, providing insight into how oral sensation regulates pharyngeal swallowing.
Key words: anaesthesia, deglutition, gustatory, sensation, taste, water swallow test
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