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Chemical Senses Advance Access originally published online on December 8, 2005
Chemical Senses 2006 31(2):181-196; doi:10.1093/chemse/bjj012
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The Sniff Is Part of the Olfactory Percept

Joel Mainland and Noam Sobel

Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Correspondence to be sent to: Joel Mainland, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. e-mail: mainland{at}berkeley.edu

In this review, we use data obtained primarily from humans to argue that sniffs are not merely a stimulus carrier but are rather a central component of the olfactory percept. We argue that sniffs 1) are necessary for the olfactory percept, 2) affect odorant intensity perception and identity perception, 3) drive activity in olfactory cortex, 4) are rapidly modulated in an odorant-dependent fashion by a dedicated olfactomotor system, and 5) are sufficient to generate an olfactory percept of some sort even in the absence of odor.

Key words: humans, odor coding, odor intensity, olfactomotor, psychophysics, sniff


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