Chemical Senses Advance Access originally published online on March 24, 2006
Chemical Senses 2006 31(5):445-452; doi:10.1093/chemse/bjj049
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A Specific Heat Shock Protein Enhances the Expression of Mammalian Olfactory Receptor Proteins
Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Correspondence to be sent to: Eva M. Neuhaus, Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany. e-mail: eva.neuhaus{at}rub.de
Multiple trials failed to express significant amounts of olfactory receptors in heterologous cells as they are typically retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Evidence is accumulating that cell-type–specific accessory proteins regulate the folding of olfactory receptors, their exit from the ER, and the trafficking to the plasma membrane of the olfactory cilia where the receptors gain access to odorants. We found Hsc70t, a testis-enriched variant of the Hsp70 family of heat shock proteins which is specifically expressed in post-meiotic germ cells, in the olfactory epithelium of mouse and human. Cotransfected HEK293 cells with Hsc70t and different green fluorescent protein–tagged odorant receptors (ORs) from mouse and man showed a significantly enhanced OR expression. Hsc70t expression also changed the amount of cells functionally expressing olfactory receptors at the cell surface as the number of cells responding to odorants in Ca2+-imaging experiments significantly increased. Our results show that Hsc70t helps expression of ORs in heterologous cell systems and helped the characterization of an "orphan" human olfactory receptor.
Key words: heat shock protein, heterologous expression, olfactory receptor
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