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Chemical Senses Advance Access originally published online on April 2, 2007
Chemical Senses 2007 32(4):397-409; doi:10.1093/chemse/bjm012
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© 2007 The Authors
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Control of Early Events in Olfactory Processing by Adult Neurogenesis

Gilles Gheusi and Pierre-Marie Lledo

Laboratory of Perception and Memory, Pasteur Institute, CNRS URA 2182, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France

Correspondence to be sent to: Pierre-Marie Lledo, Laboratory of Perception and Memory, Pasteur Institute, CNRS URA 2182, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. e-mail: pmlledo{at}pasteur.fr


  Abstract

The mature brain needs to have flexible control over behavior in the face of ever-changing needs. It achieves this control through morphological and physiological changes at the level of molecules, spines, dendrites, and axons and through processes of adult neurogenesis, entire cells. The functional maturation of newly generated cells in the adult forebrain involves the expression of neurotransmitter receptors before synaptic activity and excitatory {gamma}-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) influences prior to glutamatergic input. The production of new cells for incorporation into neural circuits that are already up and running gives rise to a unique situation that may require epigenetic regulation. However, once mature, new neurons must carve out a niche among more established cells to be useful. How do they survive and what are they used for? Recent studies have revealed that adult neurogenesis alters the olfactory bulb at all levels, from single cells to the network and system levels. It has also been suggested that cell turnover may be particularly beneficial for the processing of new information in dynamic networks. However, elucidating the functional meaning of adult neurogenesis must wait for the development of new paradigms to eliminate the pool of newly generated neurons but sparing the preexisting ones. Nevertheless, there is already considerable correlative evidence to indicate that adult neurogenesis is a plastic mechanism by which the performance of the brain can be optimized in a given environment.

Key words: experience, interneurons, plasticity, sensory map, survival

Accepted 13 February 2007


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