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Chemical Senses Advance Access published online on August 14, 2008
Chemical Senses, doi:10.1093/chemse/bjn048
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The Electrochemical Basis of Odor Transduction in Vertebrate Olfactory Cilia

Steven J. Kleene

Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 670667, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Correspondence to be sent to: Steven J. Kleene, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 670667, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0667, USA. e-mail: steve{at}syrano.acb.uc.edu


  Abstract

Most vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons share a common G-protein–coupled pathway for transducing the binding of odorant into depolarization. The depolarization involves 2 currents: an influx of cations (including Ca2+) through cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and a secondary efflux of Cl– through Ca2+-gated Cl– channels. The relation between stimulus strength and receptor current shows positive cooperativity that is attributed to the channel properties. This cooperativity amplifies the responses to sufficiently strong stimuli but reduces sensitivity and dynamic range. The odor response is transient, and prolonged or repeated stimulation causes adaptation and desensitization. At least 10 mechanisms may contribute to termination of the response; several of these result from an increase in intraciliary Ca2+. It is not known to what extent regulation of ionic concentrations in the cilium depends on the dendrite and soma. Although many of the major mechanisms have been identified, odor transduction is not well understood at a quantitative level.

Key words: adaptation, chloride channels, cyclic-nucleotide-gated channels, desensitization, olfaction

Accepted 15 July 2008


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