Chemical Senses Advance Access first published online on March 30, 2005
This version published online on April 4, 2005
Chemical Senses, doi:10.1093/chemse/bji025
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1 Department of Biological Sciences, Barnard College, Columbia University, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. We examined the necessity of
Accepted February 16, 2005
Article
Contribution of
-Gustducin to Taste-guided Licking Responses of Mice
2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA
3 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Florida, USA
4 Department of Psychology, University of Florida, USA
John I. Glendinning, E-mail: jglendinning{at}barnard.edu
Abstract 
-gustducin, a G protein -subunit expressed in taste cells, to taste-mediated licking responses of mice to sapid stimuli. To this end, we measured licking responses of -gustducin knock-out (Gus-/-) mice and heterozygotic littermate controls (Gus+/-) to a variety of ‘bitter’, ‘umami’, ‘sweet’, ‘salty’ and ‘sour’ taste stimuli. All previous studies of how Gus-/- mice ingest taste stimuli have used long-term (i.e. 48 h) preference tests, which may be confounded by post-ingestive and/or experiential effects of the taste stimuli. We minimized these confounds by using a brief-access taste test, which quantifies immediate lick responses to extremely small volumes of sapid solutions. We found that deleting -gustducin (i) dramatically reduced the aversiveness of a diverse range of ‘bitter’ taste stimuli; (ii) moderately decreased appetitive licking to low and intermediate concentrations of an ‘umami’ taste stimulus (monosodium glutamate in the presence of 100 µM amiloride), but virtually eliminated the normal aversion to high concentrations of the same taste stimulus; (iii) slightly decreased appetitive licking to ‘sweet’ taste stimuli; and (iv) modestly reduced the aversiveness of high, but not low or intermediate, concentrations of NaCl. There was no significant effect of deleting -gustducin on licking responses to NH4Cl or HCl.-gustducin; brief-access taste test; knock-out mice.
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