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Chemical Senses Advance Access published online on January 25, 2006
Chemical Senses, doi:10.1093/chemse/bjj027
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Accepted December 22, 2005

Article

Trpm5 Null Mice Respond to Bitter, Sweet, and Umami Compounds

Sami Damak 1, Minqing Rong 2, Keiko Yasumatsu 3, Zaza Kokrashvili 4, Cristian A. Pérez 5, Noriatsu Shigemura 3, Ryusuke Yoshida 3, Bedrich Mosinger Jr. 4, John I. Glendinning 6, Yuzo Ninomiya 3, and Robert F. Margolskee 7 *

1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Present address: Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Present address: Amgen, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
3 Section of Oral Neuroscience, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
4 Department of Neuroscience, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
5 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Present address: Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
6 Department of Biological Sciences, Barnard College, Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
7 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Robert F. Margolskee, E-mail: robert.margolskee{at}mssm.edu


  Abstract

Trpm5 is a calcium-activated cation channel expressed selectively in taste receptor cells. A previous study reported that mice with an internal deletion of Trpm5, lacking exons 15-19 encoding transmembrane segments 1-5, showed no taste-mediated responses to bitter, sweet, and umami compounds. We independently generated knockout mice null for Trpm5 protein expression due to deletion of Trpm5's promoter region and exons 1-4 (including the translation start site). We examined the taste-mediated responses of Trpm5 null mice and wild-type (WT) mice using three procedures: gustatory nerve recording [chorda tympani (CT) and glossopharyngeal (NG) nerves], initial lick responses, and 24-h two-bottle preference tests. With bitter compounds, the Trpm5 null mice showed reduced, but not abolished, avoidance (as indicated by licking responses and preference ratios higher than those of WT), a normal CT response, and a greatly diminished NG response. With sweet compounds, Trpm5 null mice showed no licking response, a diminished preference ratio, and absent or greatly reduced nerve responses. With umami compounds, Trpm5 null mice showed no licking response, a diminished preference ratio, a normal NG response, and a greatly diminished CT response. Our results demonstrate that the consequences of eliminating Trmp5 expression vary depending upon the taste quality and the lingual taste field examined. Thus, while Trpm5 is an important factor in many taste responses, its absence does not eliminate all taste responses. We conclude that Trpm5-dependent and Trpm5-independent pathways underlie bitter, sweet, and umami tastes.

Keywords: gustation; ion channel; knockout mice; sensory coding; signal transduction; taste.
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