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Chemical Senses Advance Access published online on February 22, 2006
Chemical Senses, doi:10.1093/chemse/bjj038
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Accepted January 24, 2006

Article

One-Trial Associative Odor Learning in Neonatal Mice

Caren M. Armstrong 1 *, Loren M. DeVito 1 *, and Thomas A. Cleland 1 *

1 Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Thomas A. Cleland, E-mail: tac29{at}cornell.edu


  Abstract

Behavior genetics studies in mice demand efficient training protocols for rapid phenotypic screening. However, the capacity of neonatal mice to form and retain associative memories has been difficult to study due to their limited sensorimotor capacities. The present study describes a method for robust, naturalistic associative learning in neonatal mice as young as 3 days old. After removal of the dam from the home cage for 2 h, preweanling CD-1 mice of ages 3, 5, and 10 days postnatal were conditioned to associate an arbitrary odorant with the suckling and milk delivery that ensued upon her return to the home cage. After a second maternal deprivation, neonates were tested on their acquired preference for that odorant. Neonates exhibited a learned preference for the conditioned odorant over a novel control odorant. No learning was observed without deprivation, that is, when the dam was removed only briefly for scenting. One-trial learning sufficed to show clear preferences for the conditioned odorant, although repeated training (three sessions over 8 days) significantly increased the expression of preference. The development of neonatal associative learning protocols requiring minimal human intervention is important for the behavioral phenotyping of mutant and transgenic strains, particularly those modeling developmental disorders.

Keywords: appetitive conditioning; behavioral phenotyping; memory; mouse; olfactory bulb; unblocking.

*These authors contributed equally to this study.


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